This article discusses the passive cooling system of polycrystalline solar panels with a combination of PCM (Paraffin) material and modifications made to the PCM container with the addition of fins to increase the efficiency of the solar panel by maintaining the condition of the sun. . This article discusses the passive cooling system of polycrystalline solar panels with a combination of PCM (Paraffin) material and modifications made to the PCM container with the addition of fins to increase the efficiency of the solar panel by maintaining the condition of the sun. . Proper temperature regulation of photovoltaic (PV) modules increases their performance. Among various cooling techniques, phase change materials (PCMs) represent an effective thermal management route, thanks to their large latent heat at constant temperatures. Radiative cooling (RC) is also. . Photovoltaic modules during sunny days can reach temperatures 35 °C above the ambient temperature, which strongly influences their performance and electrical efficiency as power losses can be up to −0. 65%/°C. To minimize and control the PV panel temperature, the scientific community has proposed. . To address the increasing energy demand, replacing conventional energy systems with non-conventional resources like solar power generation is crucial. However, the solar cells'. . S. Zhang, and B. Liu, “A novel model to determine the relationship between dust concentration and energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) panels,” Energy, vol. 123927, 2022. [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 3. Prasetyo, T. . The operating temperature of a solar panel has a significant impact on its efficiency. A 50 Wp polycrystalline solar panel was tested in this experiment using PCM (paraffin) as a passive cooling solution and without it. The PCM was placed on the backplate of the solar panel using a container. . Malaysian researchers have developed a system that can absorb heat from PV modules and transmit it to a nanofluid, in order to transform it into thermal energy and use it for different applications. The panels have an overall efficiency of 89%. Researchers at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia have. .
