Sodium-Ion vs. Lithium-ion Battery
In high temperatures, sodium-ion batteries are also more stable, requiring less active cooling. Their fire safety and cold-weather
Low temperature sodium-ion batteries outlook Compared with lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries have a better prospect of application at low temperatures due to the weaker viscosity effect of sodium ions in the electrolyte and the lower desolvation energy brought by larger cationic radius.
Sodium-ion batteries work well in hot or cold weather without auxiliary cooling systems. That makes them cheaper and easier to maintain, especially for utility-scale projects. They also use more abundant materials.
The slow mass transfer and struggling charge transfer at low temperature limit the performance of sodium-ion batteries (Fig. 1 a). The capacity, energy/power density, rate performance and cycle stability of sodium-ion batteries have deteriorated significantly, greatly limiting their application and deployment at low temperature.
Therefore, high conductivity is a necessary condition for achieving good low-temperature performance of sodium-ion batteries. At the same time, the film-forming impedance between electrolyte/electrode interphase is also a key factor affecting the performance of sodium-ion batteries at low temperatures.
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