Construction of a new levelled cost model for energy storage
Based on LCOE and learning curve methods, a new levelled cost estimation model and prediction model for energy storage are constructed.
Recycling and decommissioning are included as additional costs for Li-ion, redox flow, and lead-acid technologies. The 2020 Cost and Performance Assessment analyzed energy storage systems from 2 to 10 hours. The 2022 Cost and Performance Assessment analyzes storage system at additional 24- and 100-hour durations.
The operation and maintenance costs of electrochemical energy storage systems are the labor,operationandinspection,andmaintenance coststoensurethattheenergystorage system can be put into normal operation, as well as the replacement costs of battery fluids and wear and tear device, which can be expressed as:
Battery cost and performance projections in the 2024 ATB are based on a literature review of 16 sources published in 2022 and 2023, as described by Cole and Karmakar (Cole and Karmakar, 2023). Three projections for 2022 to 2050 are developed for scenario modeling based on this literature.
Base year costs for utility-scale battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are based on a bottom-up cost model using the data and methodology for utility-scale BESS in (Ramasamy et al., 2023). The bottom-up BESS model accounts for major components, including the LIB pack, the inverter, and the balance of system (BOS) needed for the installation.
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