Electricity can be stored directly for a short time in capacitors, somewhat longer electrochemically in, and much longer chemically (e.g. hydrogen), mechanically (e.g. pumped hydropower) or as heat. The first pumped hydroelectricity was constructed at the end of the 19th century around in Italy, Austria, and Switzerland. The technique rapidly expanded during the 196.
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Using phase change material (PCM) as the energy storage medium and applying it in a latent heat energy storage system has become an important way of new energy application. PCM has been widely used i.
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